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An proxy is also known as a proxy server. It is program that acts as an intermediary between a client and server via the internet. Without a proxy, a client will send a request to resources directly to the server and it would then serve the resource directly for the client. Although this method is easy to grasp and implement however, the addition of proxy servers can bring advantages like increased performance, privacy, security, and many more. As an additional layer of passing through, the proxy acts as a security guardian of the internet between servers and clients.




Generally speaking, the bundled system of server hardware that is paired with the software for proxy installation is commonly referred to as proxy servers. This article will discuss proxy servers that are typically described as software and specifically in relation to web servers. We will discuss of two types of proxies, one being forward proxy and the other being a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind has its own specific application and is often confused due to the resemblance of namesake convention.




This article will give you an idea of the different subtypes and proxies in terms of their benefits for setups that are common. If you read the article carefully, you'll to recognize situations where the use of proxy servers is advantageous, and then choose the most appropriate option between forward proxy and reverse proxy, based on the circumstances.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy, also known in the context of open proxy. An open proxy is the agent of a customer who wants to send an internet request to an the server that made it. In this scenario every attempt to send requests made by the client's side will be directed to forward proxy. Forward proxy in lieu of the client will review the request. The first step is to determine if this client is allowed to receive requests from this particular forward proxy. It will then reject any request or forward it to the server that originated it. The client does not have direct access to the internet It can only access what forward proxy permits it to access.




The most popular reason to utilize forward proxies is the increased privacy or anonymity when surfing the web. A forward proxy accesses the internet as clients, and, in this manner it may use an IP address that is distinct from the original IP address of the client.




Depending on how it's been configured, forward proxy will grant a number of features as well as the ability to:




Beware of Ad-trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions that are based on your area.




Forward proxies also are used in systems that provide centralized security as well as permission-based access, like in a workplace. When all internet traffic flows through a forward proxy, an administrator is capable of allowing only certain clients access to the internet through a single firewall. Instead of putting firewalls in place for the client layer that may include multiple computers with different settings, environments and users A firewall could be put in an forward proxy layer.




It is crucial to keep in mind the forward proxy configurations must be manually set up to permit the use of these proxy servers in order to be used, while reverse proxies are able to not be noticed by the user. Based on the IP address of a user is transmitted to the origin server via the forward proxy privacy and security may be granted or not.




There are many alternatives to take into consideration when considering forward proxy alternatives:




Apache An open source well-known web server with forward proxy functions.


Nginx: Another renowned open-source server for web hosting with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid is a free forward proxy that uses it's HTTP protocol. It's not the full webserver system. You can refer to our guide on the best method of configuring Squid proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP, which makes it more suited to cases like peer-to -peer traffic. You can also check out how to set up Dante proxy to allow connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy serves as an intermediary for a web server, and is able to handle requests from customers for the web server. The web server may serve as a single server or as a series of servers. In addition, it could serve as an application server such as Gunicorn. In any event, an application request comes by a user on the internet at large. Typically, the request will go directly to the web server which hosts the content that the client is trying to find. A reverse proxy serves as an intermediary in order to block your web server from contact with the internet's open.




From the perspective of a user's perspective, using reverse proxy isn't different from interacting with your webserver directly. It's functionally identical, but the user can't discern the distinction. Client requests an item and is given it, without any extra configuration required by the client.




Reverse proxy providers provide features like:




The server on the internet is protected centrally.


Sending traffic to be directed in accordance with the rules you have set.


The caching functionality was added to the application.




While centralized security can be a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies provide this feature only to the web server layer and not the client layer. instead of the maintenance of firewalls for Web server layers that may contain multiple servers with various configurations, the majority protection of the firewall is aimed at the reverse proxy layer. In addition, taking the burden of interfacing with firewalls and interfacing with requests from clients off web servers enables them to concentrate on providing resources.




If there are multiple servers existing with a reverse-proxy, the reverse proxy will be also responsible for controlling which requests go at the server. There may be several web servers operating on the same server, all serving different types of resources or a mix of both. These servers could use the HTTP protocol like a traditional web server. They may also use protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can also configure a reverse proxy to route clients to specific servers based on the service they require or to adhere to certain rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies also can take advantage of their placement on top of web servers by making use of caching. Massive static resources can be set up with caching rules to avoid hitting web servers with every request, with some solutions even allowing you to provide static files in a direct manner without linking to the web server in any way. In addition, the reverse proxy can handle compression of these files.




The well-known Nginx web server is a well-known reverse proxy service. While it is a reverse proxy solution, the Apache web server comes equipped with reverse proxy option as an additional function that is available for Apache however Nginx was designed initially for and is specifically focused on reverse proxy functions.



Differentiating Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Cases



Because "forward" in addition to "reverse" are both associated with an impression of directionality, and also misleading comparisons with "incoming" in addition to "outgoing" traffic These labels can be confusing as both types of proxies can be used to handle requests as well as responses. An alternative method to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy servers is to analyze the needs of the application you are developing.




Reverse proxy is an effective tool to use when designing a solution to host websites on the internet. They act as your servers during any interaction through the Internet.




Forward proxy can be useful to use if you're facing clients for personal use or even in a work environment. They represent your client traffic whenever you connect to the internet.




A distinction based on usage case instead of focusing on the common naming conventions can assist you in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



The article described what a proxy is along with two types being the reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical examples of its use and a discussion of most effective features were utilized to distinguish forward proxies from reverse. If you'd like to explore how to implement proxies we suggest you go through our tutorial on how to configure Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy using Apache using an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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